Ideally, anyone who's sexually active (and not actively trying to get pregnant) should practice safe sex every time. But whether you blame it on the heat of the moment or the condom broke, the reality is that unprotected sex does happen.

When that happens, getting tested ASAP is the next best thing. Understanding when to test is essential to get accurate results and maintain your health, especially since many sexually transmitted infections (STIs) don’t show symptoms immediately — or at all.

Below, we go over the most common STIs, how long it takes for each to show up in tests, and the best options for STD testing.

Common STIs and incubation periods

The time between being exposed to a sexually transmitted infection and when it can be detected on a test is called the “incubation period.” Testing too soon may lead to inaccurate results, so knowing each STI’s testing window is key.

  • Chlamydia and gonorrhea: These bacterial infections are often asymptomatic but may cause discomfort or discharge. Testing about two weeks after exposure provides accurate results, and tests are typically done with urine or swabs at a clinic or with at-home kits.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): For HIV, early symptoms (like fatigue or fever) may appear within the first couple of weeks, though some people show none. Most HIV tests can detect the virus after about two to four weeks, though a follow-up test three months later is recommended for accuracy. A blood test is the standard for an HIV test, available both in clinics and at home.
  • Syphilis: Syphilis has an incubation period of about three weeks to three months, depending on the infection stage. Early symptoms include sores and later a rash or flu-like signs. Testing can be done around three to six weeks post-exposure, with blood tests available in clinics and some at-home kits.
  • Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2): People with herpes can develop symptoms, such as sores or blisters, within four to seven days of exposure, though many remain symptom-free. Testing for herpes antibodies is typically accurate about 16 weeks after exposure or when symptoms appear. Swab tests for active sores or blood tests are available at clinics.
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV is unique in that many infections clear up on their own, though some types can lead to complications like warts or cervical cancer. HPV testing is usually part of a regular Pap smear, recommended every three to five years.
  • Trichomoniasis: This infection, caused by a parasite, often causes abnormal discharge, itching, and discomfort but can also be asymptomatic. It’s best to test about a week after exposure using a urine or swab test available through clinics and some at-home kits.

How soon after unprotected sex can I test for STDs?

Waiting the appropriate amount of time after exposure is essential to get accurate results. Here’s a general guideline on when to test:

  • One to two weeks after exposure: This is an optimal window to test for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. HIV can also be detected early here, though it’s best to confirm at three months.
  • Three to six weeks after exposure: Testing for syphilis or herpes with an antibody test is more accurate in this window.
  • Regular routine testing: For HPV, regular screenings with a Pap smear (every three to five years) are recommended.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), women should get tested for STDs yearly if they're:

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How to get tested for STDs

Testing for STIs has become much more accessible, with both in-person and at-home options available.

  • In-clinic STD testing: A clinic or doctor’s office offers a full range of tests and can provide support if you have questions or symptoms. In-person testing is thorough and highly accurate, and the provider can guide you through the testing process and follow-up care if needed.
  • At-home STD testing: If privacy and convenience are priorities, at-home STD tests can be a great alternative. Companies like Evvy offer home STI kits specifically tailored to women’s vaginal and reproductive health. Here’s how it works: order a kit online, collect your sample at home using the vaginal swab provided, and mail it to the lab with a prepaid label. Results are often available within days, and some services offer access to a healthcare professional to review your results. Evvy’s STI Test screens for chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and Mycoplasma genitalium. Eligible Evvy users can also receive treatment via our Clinical Care program. 

Evvy’s STI Test is ideal if you’re looking for an at-home option, especially since they offer specific insights into vaginal health and can help identify imbalances or infections, even if you’re not experiencing symptoms.

Getting tested for STIs regularly is one of the best things you can do for your health, whether you’re in a monogamous relationship or dating. STIs are more common than you might think, and any form of sexual contact carries a risk of transmitting an STI. Early detection is key to managing your health. A follow-up test may be required for certain infections like HIV, and if you test positive, many STIs are easily treated with the help of a healthcare provider.

FAQ

How soon is too soon to test for STDs?

Most sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) typically take at least two weeks to show up on a test. If you get tested sooner than two weeks after having unprotected sex may lead to a false negative result.

How soon after exposure can you test positive for an STD?

The timeline can vary depending on the particular STD and how long it takes for it to show up in your system (the "window period"). For bacterial infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea, you can typically get accurate results a couple of weeks after exposure, as that’s when they reach detectable levels. For syphilis, it’s best to wait about three to six weeks for reliable results. HIV can sometimes be detected as early as two to four weeks, especially with certain tests, but a follow-up test at three months is recommended for the most reliable results. If you're concerned about herpes, an antibody test is most accurate around 16 weeks after exposure if you have symptoms. HPV testing usually happens during routine Pap smears rather than right after exposure. For trichomoniasis, you can usually get tested within a week. Just remember, screening too soon might lead to false negatives, so waiting for the right timeframe for each infection helps ensure you get the most accurate results. 

How soon after unprotected sex can I test for chlamydia?

If you're thinking about getting tested for chlamydia, the CDC recommends waiting about one to two weeks after having unprotected sex. This incubation period gives the infection time to become detectable in your body. Testing too early — like just a few days after — might lead to a false negative, since the infection may not show up yet. For peace of mind, waiting about a week after unprotected sex is generally a good idea for an accurate test, but if you can, waiting the full two weeks is even better. If you start noticing any symptoms, such as unusual discharge, a burning sensation when you pee, or lower abdominal pain, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider.