The vagina is a pretty low-maintenance organ, but factors like sexual intercourse, hormonal changes, or detergents can lead to irritation. 

The thing is that vaginal irritation is a symptom of various conditions, ranging from infections to allergic reactions. In medical terms, vaginal irritation is referred to as vaginitis, which serves as an umbrella for conditions causing inflammation or irritation in the vagina. If both the vagina and external genitalia are affected, it’s referred to as vulvovaginitis. Myriad things can cause vaginitis, so treatment for vaginal irritation almost entirely depends on what’s causing it. 

Keep reading to learn more about the causes and specific treatments for vaginal irritation, with the help of Evvy’s Rx Symptom Relief.

Causes and symptoms of vaginal irritation

Vaginal irritation can result from:

Symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause but often include:

These symptoms often overlap, and it’s possible to have multiple types of vaginitis simultaneously (which makes diagnosis and treatment not as straightforward). If you’re experiencing vaginal itching, irritation, or any type of discomfort, we’d recommend reaching out to your healthcare provider. 

How to treat vaginal irritation

Yeast infection 

Vaginal yeast infections (vaginal candidiasis) occur when the natural fungus Candida — usually Candida albicans — grows excessively. Symptoms include vaginal itching, redness, and a thick, white discharge.

Treatment for a yeast infection includes: 

  • OTC antifungal creams: Vaginal creams or suppositories like miconazole or clotrimazole are effective for mild cases. You can buy these at your local pharmacy, or via Evvy’s Complete Treatment Program.
  • Prescription medications: Oral fluconazole is often used for more severe yeast infections. 

Boric acid: For recurrent or non-albicans yeast infections, your healthcare provider may recommend using boric acid suppositories.

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Bacterial vaginosis 

Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance in vaginal bacteria, often resulting in a thin, grayish vaginal discharge and a fishy odor. Although uncommon, bacterial vaginosis can also cause vaginal irritation. 

Your healthcare provider will prescribe antibiotics to treat bacterial vaginosis. Antibiotics like metronidazole or clindamycin (available as oral pills or topical gels) are the standard treatment.

Although they won’t treat an active infection, there are a few preventative measures you can take to look after your vaginal microbiome and reduce your risk of BV: 

  • Avoid vaginal douching: Douches can disrupt the vaginal pH and flush away good bacteria
  • Practice safe sex: While BV isn’t considered a sexually transmitted infection, unprotected sex can trigger an infection. Barrier methods like condoms can drastically reduce your likelihood of developing BV. 
  • Consider probiotics: Some evidence also suggests that taking probiotics may help maintain a healthy bacterial balance, though this should complement rather than replace medical treatment.

Sexually transmitted infections

Some of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis can cause vaginal irritation — along with other symptoms.

Treatment options vary based on the type of STI: 

  • Chlamydia: A short course of antibiotics such as azithromycin (single dose) or doxycycline (a seven-day regimen). Sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection.
  • Gonorrhea: Dual therapy with antibiotics, usually a single injection of ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin, is recommended. Partner treatment is also necessary.
  • Trichomoniasis: Oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, which is usually provided in a single dose, and tinidazole, which is generally taken in a lower dose twice a day for seven days. 

Cytolytic vaginosis

Cytolytic vaginosis (CV) occurs due to an overgrowth of Lactobacillus bacteria. Although Lactobacilli are typically considered "good" bacteria, an excessive amount can create a very acidic vaginal environment, leading to vaginal and vulvar irritation.

A baking soda bath can help neutralize the vaginal pH and relieve some of the discomfort caused by CV. Though it won’t treat CV, a hydrocortisone cream like Evvy’s Anti-Itch Vulva Cream can calm irritated skin and provide relief from irritation. 

Vaginal dryness

A decline in estrogen during menopause, postpartum, or while breastfeeding, can lead to vaginal dryness, thinning of the vaginal walls, and irritation.

There are different treatment options for vaginal irritation caused by dryness: 

  • Vaginal estrogen therapy: Creams, tablets, or rings can restore moisture and improve the health of vaginal tissues.
  • Lubricants: Water-based or silicone-based lubricants can ease vaginal discomfort during intercourse. Hot tip: everyone can benefit from using lube during sex!
  • Non-hormonal vaginal moisturizers: Products such as hyaluronic acid vaginal gels offer long-term hydration. Evvy’s Soothing Vulva Cream can alleviate external burning, dryness, and irritation without the use of hormones. Additionally, our Hyaluronic Acid Suppositories can hydrate and restore the vaginal lining, providing long-lasting, hormone-free relief from vaginal dryness, itching, and painful intercourse.

Aerobic vaginitis

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a vaginal infection that causes vaginal inflammation and discomfort. It occurs when aerobic bacteria like E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, group B Streptococcus (GBS), overgrow inside the vagina.

There are no official guidelines for treating AV, as the approach depends on the severity of symptoms and the specific bacteria present: 

  • Antibiotics: Prescription antibiotics tailored to the specific bacteria involved. Mild cases can often be treated with clindamycin, kanamycin, and fluoroquinolones.
  • Probiotic therapy: Vaginal probiotics may be recommended as part of the treatment plan to reintroduce beneficial bacteria that may help balance the microbiome after antibiotic treatment.
  • Topical relief: Evvy’s Anti-Itch Vulva Cream will relieve vulvar itching caused by AV.

Contact dermatitis 

Sensitive vulvar and vaginal tissues can react to chemicals in products such as soaps, bubble baths, or sanitary products.

The best thing to do is discontinue the use of any triggering products. In most cases, the irritation will resolve on its own over time, but you can help it along with a topical cream to reduce inflammation. Evvy’s Soothing Vulva Cream is formulated with prescription-grade hyaluronic acid, aloe, and vitamin E — ingredients shown in clinical studies to soothe, moisturize, and relieve itching.

When to see a healthcare provider

If you're experiencing recurrent symptoms such as vaginal irritation, abnormal vaginal discharge, or a strong vaginal odor, an Evvy test can help you understand the underlying cause. Evvy’s Vaginal Health Test analyzes over 700 types of bacteria and fungi (as well as four of the most common STIs with our Epanded PCR Panel), and provides a detailed breakdown of your vaginal microbiome. Additionally, eligible users can access personalized prescription treatment programs developed by a healthcare provider.

Persistent or recurrent symptoms, severe pain, or unusual bleeding should prompt medical evaluation. Early diagnosis ensures the most effective treatment, especially for infections or hormonal imbalances.

FAQ

What is the best cream for irritation down there?

Evvy’s Anti-Itch Vulva Cream provides quick relief from external itching and irritation using a blend of hydrocortisone, aloe, and vitamin E. It's safe for sensitive skin and is designed to effectively soothe symptoms while also promoting antioxidant nourishment and cell regeneration. That said, there are several causes for vaginal and vulvar irritation — many of which require prescription medication. You should see your healthcare provider if you’re experiencing vaginal irritation, or if initial treatment makes your symptoms worse.